E332i - Monokaliumcitrat

Origin

Monopotassium citrate is a potassium salt of citric acid. It is produced by the partial neutralization of citric acid with a potassium source, such as potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate. Citric acid, in turn, is typically produced by fermentation of carbohydrate sources like corn or molasses using *Aspergillus niger*. The resulting citric acid is then reacted with a potassium base to form monopotassium citrate.

Usage

Monopotassium citrate is used in the food industry as an acidity regulator, buffer, and sequestrant. It helps to control the pH of food products, preventing spoilage and maintaining desired texture and flavor. It is also used as a mineral supplement, providing a source of potassium. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used in medications to control acidity and as a potassium supplement. It can be found in beverages, processed foods, and dietary supplements. It is also used in some effervescent tablets.

Side Effects

Monopotassium citrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory agencies when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. Excessive consumption of potassium salts, including monopotassium citrate, may lead to hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by elevated potassium levels in the blood. Symptoms of hyperkalemia can include muscle weakness, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmias. Individuals with kidney problems or those taking medications that affect potassium levels should exercise caution when consuming products containing monopotassium citrate. The EFSA has not established a specific ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) for potassium citrates, but its use is permitted within Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) levels.

Regulatory Status

Monopotassium citrate is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the EU, it is designated with the E number E332i. The FDA considers it GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. It is subject to regulations regarding its purity and use levels in various food products.