E141i - Complexes cuivriques de chlorophylles

Origin

Copper complexes of chlorophylls (E141i) are derived from chlorophyll, the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll is extracted from plant material, typically grasses, alfalfa, and nettles. The extracted chlorophyll is then treated with copper salts to replace the magnesium atom in the chlorophyll molecule with copper. This process enhances the stability of the pigment, making it more resistant to degradation from light and heat.

Usage

E141i is used as a green food coloring agent. It is employed in a variety of food products, including sweets, confectionery, beverages, dairy products (such as ice cream and yogurt), and processed vegetables. The copper complex provides a more stable and vibrant green color compared to natural chlorophyll, which can degrade easily during food processing and storage. It is also used in some pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Side Effects

The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 15 mg/kg body weight for the sum of copper chlorophyll and copper chlorophyllin. EFSA re-evaluated the safety of copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins in 2010 and confirmed the ADI of 15 mg/kg bw/day. At high concentrations, copper can be toxic, but the levels used in food applications are considered safe. Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal discomfort if they are particularly sensitive to copper or consume very large quantities of foods containing E141i. Regulatory bodies have established safe limits for copper content in food additives to minimize any potential risks.

Regulatory Status

E141i is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU) and is listed in Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. It is also permitted in many other countries worldwide, subject to local regulations and limits. The additive must meet specific purity criteria outlined in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012, ensuring that the levels of heavy metals and other contaminants are within safe limits.