E345 - Citrate de magnésium

Origin

Magnesium citrate is a magnesium salt of citric acid. It is produced by reacting magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide with citric acid. The resulting compound is a white, odorless, slightly acidic crystalline powder.

Usage

In the food industry, magnesium citrate is used as an acidity regulator, firming agent, and nutrient supplement. It can be found in various processed foods, beverages, and dietary supplements. It helps to maintain the desired pH level in food products, preventing spoilage and enhancing flavor. As a firming agent, it contributes to the texture and structure of canned fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, it serves as a source of magnesium, an essential mineral important for various bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function, blood sugar control, and bone health. It is also used in some pharmaceutical preparations as a saline laxative.

Side Effects

Magnesium citrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. However, excessive consumption can lead to gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and nausea. In individuals with kidney problems, high doses of magnesium can lead to hypermagnesemia, a condition characterized by elevated magnesium levels in the blood, which can cause serious health complications. While no ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) has been specifically established for magnesium citrate as a food additive, the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for magnesium from supplements is set by various health organizations. It is important to adhere to recommended dosage guidelines to avoid adverse effects.

Regulatory Status

Magnesium citrate is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including those in the European Union (EU) and the United States. In the EU, it is designated with the E number E345. Regulations specify the conditions of use and maximum permitted levels in different food categories. In the United States, it is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for its intended uses.