E495 - Sorbitan monopalmitate

Origin

Sorbitan monopalmitate is a synthetic non-ionic surfactant derived from sorbitol, palmitic acid (a saturated fatty acid), and their anhydrides. Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol, and palmitic acid is a common fatty acid found in both plants and animals. The esterification of sorbitol with palmitic acid results in sorbitan monopalmitate.

Usage

E495 is primarily used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener in a variety of food products. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients, preventing separation and maintaining a consistent texture. Common applications include bakery products, confectionery, processed foods, and some dairy alternatives. It can also be found in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as an emulsifying and dispersing agent. The typical usage levels vary depending on the application, but are generally within the range of 0.1% to 1%.

Side Effects

Sorbitan monopalmitate is generally considered safe for consumption at the levels typically used in food. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) "not specified", meaning that, based on available data, the intake of sorbitan esters does not represent a health concern. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort if consumed in very large quantities, due to the sorbitol component. However, such effects are rare at normal consumption levels. No significant adverse effects have been reported in scientific literature at levels used in food.

Regulatory Status

Sorbitan monopalmitate (E495) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU) and is listed in Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. It is also permitted for use in food in many other countries, including the United States, where it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under specific conditions of use. The FDA regulates its use under 21 CFR § 172.842.